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Overview

The Eliza plugin system is a comprehensive extension mechanism that allows developers to add functionality to agents through a well-defined interface. This analysis examines the complete plugin architecture by analyzing the source code and comparing it with the documentation.

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Core Plugins

ElizaOS includes two essential core plugins that provide foundational functionality:

Bootstrap Plugin

The core message handler and event system for ElizaOS agents. Provides essential functionality for message processing, knowledge management, and basic agent operations.

SQL Plugin

Database integration and management for ElizaOS. Features automatic schema migrations, multi-database support, and a sophisticated plugin architecture.

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1. Complete Plugin Interface

Based on /Users/studio/Documents/GitHub/eliza/packages/core/src/types/plugin.ts, the full Plugin interface includes:

export interface Plugin {
  name: string;                          // Unique identifier
  description: string;                   // Human-readable description
  
  // Initialization
  init?: (config: Record<string, string>, runtime: IAgentRuntime) => Promise<void>;
  
  // Configuration
  config?: { [key: string]: any };       // Plugin-specific configuration
  
  // Core Components (documented)
  actions?: Action[];                    // Tasks agents can perform
  providers?: Provider[];                // Data sources
  evaluators?: Evaluator[];              // Response filters
  
  // Additional Components (not fully documented)
  services?: (typeof Service)[];         // Background services
  adapter?: IDatabaseAdapter;            // Database adapter
  models?: {                            // Model handlers
    [key: string]: (...args: any[]) => Promise<any>;
  };
  events?: PluginEvents;                // Event handlers
  routes?: Route[];                     // HTTP endpoints
  tests?: TestSuite[];                  // Test suites
  componentTypes?: {                    // Custom component types
    name: string;
    schema: Record<string, unknown>;
    validator?: (data: any) => boolean;
  }[];
  
  // Dependency Management
  dependencies?: string[];              // Required plugins
  testDependencies?: string[];          // Test-only dependencies
  priority?: number;                    // Loading priority
  schema?: any;                        // Database schema
}

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2. Action, Provider, and Evaluator Interfaces

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Action Interface

From /Users/studio/Documents/GitHub/eliza/packages/core/src/types/components.ts:

export interface Action {
  name: string;                         // Unique identifier
  similes?: string[];                   // Alternative names/aliases
  description: string;                  // What the action does
  examples?: ActionExample[][];         // Usage examples
  handler: Handler;                     // Execution logic
  validate: Validator;                  // Pre-execution validation
}

// Handler signature
type Handler = (
  runtime: IAgentRuntime,
  message: Memory,
  state?: State,
  options?: { [key: string]: unknown },
  callback?: HandlerCallback,
  responses?: Memory[]
) => Promise<unknown>;

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Provider Interface

export interface Provider {
  name: string;                         // Unique identifier
  description?: string;                 // What data it provides
  dynamic?: boolean;                    // Dynamic data source
  position?: number;                    // Execution order
  private?: boolean;                    // Hidden from provider list
  get: (runtime: IAgentRuntime, message: Memory, state: State) => Promise<ProviderResult>;
}

interface ProviderResult {
  values?: { [key: string]: any };
  data?: { [key: string]: any };
  text?: string;
}

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Evaluator Interface

export interface Evaluator {
  alwaysRun?: boolean;                  // Run on every response
  description: string;                  // What it evaluates
  similes?: string[];                   // Alternative names
  examples: EvaluationExample[];        // Example evaluations
  handler: Handler;                     // Evaluation logic
  name: string;                         // Unique identifier
  validate: Validator;                  // Should evaluator run?
}

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3. Plugin Initialization Lifecycle

Based on /Users/studio/Documents/GitHub/eliza/packages/core/src/runtime.ts, the initialization process:

  1. Plugin Registration (registerPlugin method):

    • Validates plugin has a name
    • Checks for duplicate plugins
    • Adds to active plugins list
    • Calls plugin’s init() method if present
    • Handles configuration errors gracefully

  2. Component Registration Order:

    // 1. Database adapter (if provided)
if (plugin.adapter) {
  this.registerDatabaseAdapter(plugin.adapter);
}

// 2. Actions
if (plugin.actions) {
  for (const action of plugin.actions) {
    this.registerAction(action);
  }
}

// 3. Evaluators
if (plugin.evaluators) {
  for (const evaluator of plugin.evaluators) {
    this.registerEvaluator(evaluator);
  }
}

// 4. Providers
if (plugin.providers) {
  for (const provider of plugin.providers) {
    this.registerProvider(provider);
  }
}

// 5. Models
if (plugin.models) {
  for (const [modelType, handler] of Object.entries(plugin.models)) {
    this.registerModel(modelType, handler, plugin.name, plugin.priority);
  }
}

// 6. Routes
if (plugin.routes) {
  for (const route of plugin.routes) {
    this.routes.push(route);
  }
}

// 7. Events
if (plugin.events) {
  for (const [eventName, eventHandlers] of Object.entries(plugin.events)) {
    for (const eventHandler of eventHandlers) {
      this.registerEvent(eventName, eventHandler);
    }
  }
}

// 8. Services (delayed if runtime not initialized)
if (plugin.services) {
  for (const service of plugin.services) {
    if (this.isInitialized) {
      await this.registerService(service);
    } else {
      this.servicesInitQueue.add(service);
    }
  }
}

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4. Service System Integration

From /Users/studio/Documents/GitHub/eliza/packages/core/src/types/service.ts:

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Service Abstract Class

export abstract class Service {
  protected runtime!: IAgentRuntime;
  
  constructor(runtime?: IAgentRuntime) {
    if (runtime) {
      this.runtime = runtime;
    }
  }
  
  abstract stop(): Promise<void>;
  static serviceType: string;
  abstract capabilityDescription: string;
  config?: Metadata;
  
  static async start(_runtime: IAgentRuntime): Promise<Service> {
    throw new Error('Not implemented');
  }
}

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Service Types

The system includes predefined service types:

  • TRANSCRIPTION, VIDEO, BROWSER, PDF
  • REMOTE_FILES (AWS S3)
  • WEB_SEARCH, EMAIL, TEE
  • TASK, WALLET, LP_POOL, TOKEN_DATA
  • DATABASE_MIGRATION
  • PLUGIN_MANAGER, PLUGIN_CONFIGURATION, PLUGIN_USER_INTERACTION

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5. Route Definitions for HTTP Endpoints

From the Plugin interface:

export type Route = {
  type: 'GET' | 'POST' | 'PUT' | 'DELETE' | 'STATIC';
  path: string;
  filePath?: string;                    // For static files
  public?: boolean;                     // Public access
  name?: string;                        // Route name
  handler?: (req: any, res: any, runtime: IAgentRuntime) => Promise<void>;
  isMultipart?: boolean;                // File uploads
};

Example from starter plugin:

routes: [
  {
    name: 'hello-world-route',
    path: '/helloworld',
    type: 'GET',
    handler: async (_req: any, res: any) => {
      res.json({ message: 'Hello World!' });
    }
  }
]

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6. Event System Integration

From /Users/studio/Documents/GitHub/eliza/packages/core/src/types/events.ts:

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Event Types

Standard events include:

  • World events: WORLD_JOINED, WORLD_CONNECTED, WORLD_LEFT
  • Entity events: ENTITY_JOINED, ENTITY_LEFT, ENTITY_UPDATED
  • Room events: ROOM_JOINED, ROOM_LEFT
  • Message events: MESSAGE_RECEIVED, MESSAGE_SENT, MESSAGE_DELETED
  • Voice events: VOICE_MESSAGE_RECEIVED, VOICE_MESSAGE_SENT
  • Run events: RUN_STARTED, RUN_ENDED, RUN_TIMEOUT
  • Action/Evaluator events: ACTION_STARTED/COMPLETED, EVALUATOR_STARTED/COMPLETED
  • Model events: MODEL_USED

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Plugin Event Handlers

export type PluginEvents = {
  [K in keyof EventPayloadMap]?: EventHandler<K>[];
} & {
  [key: string]: ((params: any) => Promise<any>)[];
};

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7. Database Adapter Plugins

From /Users/studio/Documents/GitHub/eliza/packages/core/src/types/database.ts:

The IDatabaseAdapter interface is extensive, including methods for:

  • Agents, Entities, Components
  • Memories (with embeddings)
  • Rooms, Participants
  • Relationships
  • Tasks
  • Caching
  • Logs

Example: SQL Plugin creates database adapters:

export const plugin: Plugin = {
  name: '@elizaos/plugin-sql',
  description: 'A plugin for SQL database access with dynamic schema migrations',
  priority: 0,
  schema,
  init: async (_, runtime: IAgentRuntime) => {
    const dbAdapter = createDatabaseAdapter(config, runtime.agentId);
    runtime.registerDatabaseAdapter(dbAdapter);
  }
};